[Full Guide] Explore the basic knowledge of the battery

[Full Guide] Explore the basic knowledge of the battery

Battery is an indispensable component in our daily life. From mobile phones to electric vehicles, to large energy storage systems, batteries play an increasingly important role in modern society. However, for most people, the internal working principles and performance indicators of batteries are often a mysterious field. This article will provide you with a comprehensive and in -depth battery basic knowledge to help you better understand these ubiquitous energy carriers.

The working principle of the battery

The working principle of the battery is based on the chemical reaction. The battery consists of three basic components: positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte. During the battery discharge, the chemicals of the negative electrode will have an oxidation reaction, release electrons, and the chemicals of the positive pole will have a reaction and accept these electrons. This electronic flow constitutes the current generated by the battery. The voltage of the battery depends on the chemical properties of positive and negative extreme substances. By controlling the composition of electrode materials and electrolytes, we can design batteries of different performances.

Main battery type introduction

At present, the most common battery types on the market include:

Lithium iron phosphate battery

Features:
High safety, it is not easy to explode and fire
The cycle life is long, which can charge 2000-3000 times and discharge
High power density, can provide large currents
Energy density is low, generally 90-120WH/kgAt present, the most common battery types on the market include:

Advantage:
Extra security, suitable for applications with high safety requirements
Long cycle life, long service life
High power density, suitable for fast charging and discharge scenarios
Low cost, non -toxic and pollution

Application field:
Light electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric triangle vehicles
Small portable equipment such as garden tools, electric tools
Household and centralized energy storage system
Power grid frequency adjustment and emergency power supply
Some electric vehicle battery system Leadic acid battery

Lead-acid battery

Features:
Simple structure and low manufacturing cost
Has high power output ability
Performance performance in low temperature environments
High recovery and utilization rate

Advantage:
Low cost, widely used in car start and spare power supply
There are advantages in large energy storage systems
Can recycling and good environmental protection

Application field:
Car starting power supply
Spare power supply and large energy storage system
Some industrial and electric equipment

NiMH batteries

Features:
The energy density is slightly lower than the lithium-ion battery, generally at 60-120WH/KG
The cycle life is long, up to 1000-2000 charging discharge
Good performance in low temperature environments
The manufacturing cost is relatively low

Advantage:
Good safety, it is not easy to explode or fire
Good performance under low temperature conditions
Long cycle life

Application field:
hybrid electric vehicle
Industrial equipment and emergency standby power
Some digital products (gradually replaced by lithium batteries)

Each battery type has its unique advantages and limitations. In practical applications, it is necessary to choose the appropriate battery according to specific needs.

Battery performance parameter analysis

Key indicators affecting battery performance include:

Capacity (MAH)

The total electricity can be provided by the battery.

Energy density (WH/KG)

E energy stored by the unit quality or volume of the battery.

Power density (W/Kg)

D maximum instantaneous power of the unit mass or volume output of the battery.

Circular life

The number of batteries can be charged and discharged.

Safety

The stability and explosion resistance of the battery during use

The advantages and disadvantages of these parameters directly determine the applicability of batteries in different application scenarios. For example, for the home energy storage system, energy density, cycle life and security are key indicators, and for digital products, it is more important to helve the lightweight and long battery capacity of the battery.

Battery filling and discharge management technology

In order to optimize the performance and safety of the battery, the battery management system (BMS) plays a vital role. BMS can monitor and adjust the battery charging state in real time to prevent excessive filling and extend the service life of the entire battery package through the SOC difference between the balanced battery monomers. In addition, the design of the charger also directly affects the charging efficiency and safety of the battery.

This battery filling and discharge management technology is mainly used in lithium batteries, because lithium batteries have strict requirements on the monitoring and adjustment of the charging state, which is not so critical for other battery chemical systems such as lead -acid batteries and nickel -metalized batteries. Reasonable charging curves, constant current constant voltage mode, and temperature compensation function will help improve the charging efficiency of lithium batteries and avoid hidden safety hazards during the charging process.

Battery future development trend

With the continuous progress of new energy technology, the battery industry is also developing in the direction of higher energy density, longer service life and lower cost. New battery chemistry systems such as solid -state batteries and metal air batteries are gradually realizing commercialization, showing broad application prospects in the fields of electric vehicles and large energy storage systems. In the future, the development of battery technology will continue to promote the popularization of clean energy and bring more sustainable energy future to human society.

Conclusion

As a key device for conversion and storage energy, the internal working principles and performance indicators are worthy of our in -depth understanding. Through the introduction of this article, I believe you have initially mastered the basic knowledge of the battery. Let's explore this innovative battery world and contribute to our future.